豐盛感的第二個元素是全心投入。你有否嘗試過專注於做好一件事的時候忘卻了時間的流逝?當你在極度專注,完全享受和投入於一項活動時,你會忘記時間、飢餓、和疲勞,甚至會忘記所有與此活動沒關係的身體訊號,從而達至「心流」(flow) 的狀態 (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Seligman, 2012) 。直至該活動完結後,你才會猛然回憶起、意識到自己剛才是如何地投入於某件事情中。舉例說:「你參加了一個比賽,當你在全心全力地應付比賽,你在當刻不會想『我現在很開心』,我們常常都是之後才回想『剛才的比賽很精彩』」。
當你因爲「全心投入」一項工作而失去時間和空間感,心中只專注你當下的任務時,你會更願意迎難而上,你的效率和創造力會因此提高。當你能夠全心投入做一件事時,你才能享受你所做的事,從而獲得快樂和豐盛感 (Seligman, 2012)。
小學生普遍都很喜歡體育課,他們十分投入和享受體育課,以至於每當體育課的下課鐘聲響起時,學生會概嘆一節體育課的時間過得特別快,回想起剛才的課堂活動是多麽的快樂,然後依依不捨地離開操場。回到課室時,有些學生還會意猶未盡地與同學討論剛才體育課的精彩點滴,好不熱鬧。這都是學生有全心投入在體育課的行爲表現。
當中學生參加試後班級歌唱比賽時,都會期待自己所屬的班別會獲得勝利,因此會十分投入整個活動。往往在比賽完結後,學生才會回想起班級歌唱的準備練習和比賽過程是多麽的快樂、青春和熱血,那一次比賽的片段也將成爲一生難忘的回憶。這是學生有全力投入在班級活動的行爲表現。
當大學生上莊,需要經常不眠不休地籌備不同活動,但學生往往都是莊期完結後才慨嘆當時舉辦活動是多麼辛苦。他們在處理莊務時因全心投入,忘記當下的辛苦和疲憊。
訂立清晰的目標驅使我們理解自己要做什麼事情,這樣有助提高我們對自己的控制感。有研究指出有強控制感的人會比弱控制感的人有更大機會體驗心流 (Elaine, 2020)。
在面臨新挑戰時,試從不同角度思考,發揮你的想像力,勇於冒險,並相信自己會成功。如果你願意嘗試挑戰並成功,你會獲得更大的鼓舞和自信心,以後會更相信自己的能力,更大機會體驗心流 (Elaine, 2020)。
當學生了解自己喜歡和擅長的事,他們參加活動時能表現得更自信和覺得自己更有價值。老師可以利用人格量表幫助學生反思自己的興趣和專長,設立適切的目標,使學生透過尋找和應用自己的專長,能更欣賞自己並得到更大的滿足感 (Mike, 2011)。
下載人格量表(Personal Inventory):
https://itlever.com/2011/05/24/personal-inventory-time-for-reflection/
課堂上,老師使用不同的教學方法、運用幽默感、多回答學生問題、讓學生進行討論、給予學生適當的挑戰 (比學生能力略高一點的任務)、加強課堂內容和學生生活之間的聯繫、以及多使用需要「動手」的練習,如數學課能配合七巧板等道具來教圖形; 中文課能讓學生以戲劇方式來了解課文,均能讓學生更投入課堂學習 (Eliisa & Satu, 2017; Nathan, 2018b) 。
另外,讓學生有機會爲自己的學習做選擇,如讓學生選擇想先學習哪個課題,和給學生一段較長及不被打擾的時間做練習,讓他們能按照自己的步調來學習,可使他們更專注及更投入學習 (Jill, 2012; Nathan, 2018b) 。
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